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如何读懂社科院难度的阅读文章？
考博英语阅读理解是各个院校的重点，特别是中国社会科学院大学的考博英语阅读理解文章，素来以难闻名。很多考生对于这种难度的阅读文章往往束手无策，抓不住文章的主题和阐述的分论点，从而影响做题的正确率。本文华慧考博老师试着以段落分析的方式，帮助大家读懂社科院难度的阅读。文章来源于社科院2018年阅读第二篇。
We are in a global health crisis, and it grows worse by the year, as the World Health Organization has warned that by 2030 almost half the world's population will be overweight or obese if current trends continue. There are already 124 million obese children, a more than tenfold increase in four decades, and more than a million of these live in the UK, which has the worst obesity rates in western Europe. Four in five will grow up to be obese adults; and the leader of the UK's paediatric body warns that this will cost them 10 to 20 years of healthy life.
抓好首句We are in a global health crisis, and it grows worse by the year…has warned that by 2030 almost half the world's population will be overweight or obese if current trends continue.可知前半句就是引出这篇文章主题的背景介绍，而后半句则引出了这篇文章的主题——过度肥胖问题。后面的地名in the UK和western Europe等信息可知应该是举例子，举出肥胖问题在部分地区和国家的实例。
This is a social problem, both in cause and consequence, as concurred by Simon Stevens, the chief executive of the UK's National Health Service, whose cautioning that obesity could bankrupt the health service comes across as the placard-wielding stance of a roadside prophet of doom — yet the government's response has been as modest and inadequate as these figures are shocking. Medical experts describe its childhood obesity strategy as weak, embarrassing and even insulting. Though it inherited a tax on sugary drinks, it rowed back from restrictions on price-cutting promotions and junk food marketing or advertising, leaving its strategy to rely heavily on measures such as school activity programmes.
第二段第一句This is a social problem, both in cause and consequence则指出这是一个社会问题，后面提到的就是这个问题的严峻性。而中间的转折词yet也是我们需要注意的一个词，所表达的含义就是“虽然问题很严峻，但是政府对此所做的工作是很不充分的”。即指出肥胖问题并没有引发政府的关注。
Campaigners had warned that would not be enough; now research proves they were right - even when such initiatives tackle both diet and exercise, and make efforts to reach out to families. Children in schools in England's West Midlands were given a year of extra physical activity sessions, a healthy eating programme and cookery workshops with their parents, all of which failed to have any significant effect on children's weight.
第三段第一句中的代词that指代的无非就是上一段提到的“对于肥胖问题没有引起重视”这一现象，因此这一段是在进一步阐述对于过度肥胖问题没有引起重视的情况。即便提出了一些措施来解决，但是都没有从根源上解决，最后一句话中的failed to have any significant effect on children's weight.说明了其结果是不理想的。
The causes of the obesity epidemic are multiple and complex, as the landmark Foresight report produced over a decade ago underscored: we live in an obesogenic environment, and some more so than others (more than twice as many children in deprived areas are obese as in affluent areas). TVs and smartphones in bedrooms and reliance on cars play their part; so too do food deserts, where fruit and vegetables are expensive or inaccessible, which leaves the more economically strapped sector of the population choosing to fill a hungry child with donuts rather than apples.
第四段的第一句The causes of the obesity epidemic are multiple and complex则说明引起过度肥胖的几个原因，而且这些原因是非常复杂且多样化的。具体的原因我们可以在做题的过程中，如果题目里面涉及到问其原因，我们就可以快速锁定该段信息读取其描述原因的内容。
But one factor leaps out: greed. The problem is not gluttony by a generation of Augustus Gloops but the avarice of the Willy Wonkas who press junk food on consumers, then profess surprise at the results. The tactics of big food are, as the global health organisation Vital Strategies points out in its report Fool Me Twice, strikingly similar to those of big tobacco over the years. But big food has the advantage that everyone needs to eat, while no one needs to smoke, and that a biscuit does not damage health as a cigarette does, obesity notwithstanding. Thus, these companies tell us that we should not restrict individual freedom; that it is up to people to show self-discipline; and that their products are fine as occasional indulgences - never mind that they present family-size packs as if they are suitable for individuals, nor that highly processed foods, packed with salt and sugar, tend to be cheaper to produce, store and deliver — as well as being habit-forming.
第五段第一句But one factor leaps out: greed.则让我们知晓了引发过度肥胖的另外一个原因——贪心。但是我们需要注意到最前面表示转折含义的but一词。其放在这里是想说明这个原因的性质与上一段阐述的原因性质是有所不同的。
Other countries have been far bolder in tackling the industry, instead of relying on voluntary action. In Latin America, governments have forced companies to remove cartoon characters - naturally an instant appeal to young children — from cereal boxes, imposed junk food taxes and ordered school tuck shops to replace high-salt/sugar products with fruit and vegetables. Tougher rules reshape consumer perceptions and decisions and in doing so, they can also push companies into changing products.
A ban on junk food advertising before the 9pm watershed is long overdue. It should be supplemented by a ban on promotions and price cuts for “sharing” bags of chocolates, as Action on Sugar urged last month, and the sugar tax on drinks could be extended to food products, with the revenue channelled into initiatives making fresh produce more affordable and attractive to consumers. The government's failure to force change means that the rest of us will pay the price — in ill health and higher taxes — as big food rakes in the profits.
通过读取文章第六段和第七段的首尾句我们知道这两段主要讲述的是一些地方政府正在考虑采取一些比较强硬的措施来解决过度肥胖的问题。如解决产业问题、限制黄金时间段垃圾食品广告的播放等。这些措施都是针对第五段说“依靠人们的自觉行为来解决肥胖问题”而提出来的。
综上所述，考生如果能够把握好每段的首尾句和中间表过渡性的句子，关注文章中出现转折词、否定词和代词的地方，理清段落与段落之间的逻辑关系，那么再难的阅读文章也是可以读懂突破的！
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