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华慧考博:考博英语翻译试题典型实例分析
原文：Reportedly, home-based workers earn more money. (1)The 46 million home-based workers in the United States, including a large number of women, working at home in an attempt to better balance work and family, earn 28% more than the average office worker, and spend less time making their pay. (2)Of course this could be due, in part, to the fact that more experienced and aggressive workers tend to start their own businesses.
(3)Remember, going into business on your own, or from a home office may mean making do with less. But it can also mean achieving more： more independence, more challenges, more results. (4)In the long run it may well mean more money for you and your family. In a word, doing it on your own means freedom, to grow, experiment and learn. If you are successful, you won't have to go ask for a raise or accept what you're given or worry about being turned out to pasture when a younger version of yourself comes along. (5)You will have the freedom to enjoy the profits of your own work, and the continuing growth and profit which comes from owning your own business. Good luck and enjoy the journey.
译文：
1.美国有4千6百万以家庭为基础进行工作的工人，包括一大批试图在家庭和社会之间寻求平衡而在家里工作的一大批妇女，这些人赚取的工资比办公室工作人员的平均工资高28%。而挣得这些工资所花的时间则比上班者少。
2.当然，这部分原因可能是由于更有经验、更有进取心的人都倾向于自己创业这一事实。
3.应当记住，自己创业经营，在家庭办公室工作就可能意味着少花钱多办事。
4.从长远观点来看，这就可能意味着给你和你的家庭带来更多的钱财。
5.你将能享有为自己的工作赚取利润的自由，享有从自己拥有的实业中产生的持续增长和所得利润。
Note：
在做这种类型的翻译题目时，应先把全段短文的内容大致看一下，以便能从整体上把握翻译方向。由于是翻译其中的某些句子，对于某些代词，必须译出它所指代的实词的意义。
Sample 24
原文：
The willingness to stay in the heat of the oven is part of why kids learn a second language more easily than do adults. For them, the heat is an everyday occurrence already because they are still learning their first language in that same heat. It is not unusual for them to ask a question that results in unexpected laughter. And it is not strange to them when they put a new phrase together for the first time and people roll on the floor in uncontrollable cheerfulness as a result. And the child's ego is not usually shattered by such an experience.
译文：
愿意呆在这个火热的烤箱里进行训练是孩子们学习第二语言比大人更容易的原因。对他们来说，这种热劲儿已经是家常便饭，因为他们同时还要以同样的热劲儿学习自己的第一语言。对他们来讲因为问一个问题而招致预想不到的哈哈大笑也是屡见不鲜的事。而且，对他们来说，第一次使用一个成语搭配，结果引得满屋的人抑制不住地开怀大笑也是司空见惯的。而且，儿童的自尊心通常不会因这样的经历受到伤害。
Note：
这篇短文的意思是从心理分析角度讲述儿童学习第二语言比大人更容易的原因，因为他们更投入，不怕其他人笑话。没有成年人学习第二外国语时的“爱面子”等心理干扰因素，因而才学得远比成人好。
Sample 25
原文：
第二次世界大战中，父亲在南太平洋空军中服役，回国后自己开了一家理发店。在他看来，优秀的理发师永远不会失业。不管经济状况如何，人们的头发总会长长的。事实上，一个人失业的时候，恰好就是他需要看起来最精神的时候。
对父亲来说，顾客是第一位的。如果顾客抱怨(很少发生)，他会全力满足顾客的要求，为他们做想要的发式。他相信：对一个生意人来说，要记住的最重要的事只有一件，那就是永远善待人。
译文：
When Dad came back from serving in the air force in the South Pacific during world War Ⅱ, he opened his own place. The way he saw it, a good barber would never be out of work. Men's hair grew whatever the economic climate might be. In fact, when a fellow was out of work was exactly when he needed to look his sharpest.
For Dad, the customer always came first. If customers complained—which they rarely did—he' bend backward to give them the look they wanted. He believed the single most important thing for a businessman was to always treat people right.
Note：
此段短文的翻译应以一般过去时态为主要基点，并注意上下译文的衔接问题。如第一句中的“自己开了一家理发店”不必译成opened his own barbershop，可译成opened his own place或set up/established his own business，因为barber这一概念可从后面的译文中推断出来。“事实上，一个人失业的时候，恰好就是他需要看起来最精神的时候”也可译成：It was his exact time to be in his sharpest when he was out of work/job.
Sample 26
原文：
1.2000年欧洲富翁人数增长最快，增长了6%，达到了230万人。
2.正如生物体内的一些基因能够调控其他基因一样，一些软件基因能启动或关闭另一些软件基因。
3.通过语言，我们能够分享经验体会、创造价值、交流思想、传授知识和延续文化。
4.在美国，经营方式和软件都可以申请专利;而英国却不同，只有技术革新才能申请。
5.苏格拉底70岁时还拜师学舞，而我们大多数人这把年纪便去钻研就木之术了。
译文：
1.Europe produced the highest growth in 2000 in the number of millionaires, up six percent to 2.3 million.
2.And just as some biological genes can regulate other genes, some of the software genes can switch other software genes on or off.
3.Through language we can share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture.
4.Unlike the US, where patents are now being granted for business methods and software, Britain allows patents only for technical innovations.
5.Socrates began taking dancing lessons at seventy; most of us just take dying lessons.
Note ：
汉译英单句翻译很困难，主要不在于理解原文意思，而是在于考点要求用什么相应的英语句型才能有效地把汉语原意表达出来。如第一句中，如何把“增长最快，增长了6%，达到了230万人”这三个连续的谓语表达好。第二句的“正如…一样”要用英语的just as连词结构来翻译。
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