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华慧考博:医学考博英语阅读错题分析举例
就在昨天，一位最近在训练医学英语阅读题的华慧考博学员提出需要讲解一篇真题阅读理解题，她认为自己文章理解得还不错，但是题目做得不好，不知道为什么。这个情况是考生在做阅读题都会遇到的，所以就以这个学员提出的问题进行分析为例，供大家参考。一下是文章和题目，正在看的你也可以尝试先做一遍题，再根据后面的错题分析判断你是否类似的问题。
Biotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therapy, in solving food problems, in energy saving, in environmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects. Genetically altered microorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutants by being used, for example, in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically modified organ-isms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pesticides, fertilizers, and medications.
Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, in accordance with ecological criteria. Political leaders and scientists alike face the challenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies. To meet this challenge, decision-makers require interdisciplinary approaches and strategies that cut across political lines. Environmental discussions must become more objective, and this includes, especially, de-bates about the risks of new technologies, which are often ideologically charged. In light of the complex issues involved in sustainable development, we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policies.
Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector, of society, and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it. A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action. A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to be devised and implemented.
66. Biotechnology ______.
A. can help save energy and integrate industry and agriculture
B. can rid humans of diseases and solve food problems
C. can treat pollution and protect environment
D. all of the above
67. Wastewater can be treated ______.
A. in genetic engineering
B. by means of biotechnology
C. in agriculture as well as in industry
D. without the need for breaking down pollutants
68. When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines, the author means that they ______.
A. involve economic issues
B. observe ecological criteria
C. are politically significant
D. overcome political barriers
69. It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development ______.
A. makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards
B. renders environmental discussion possible
C. charges new technologies with risks
D. requires simplification
70. The success of sustainable development lies in ______.
A. its concept to be
B. good social teamwork
C. appropriate environmental policies
D. the representatives of all sectors of society
答案：CBDAB
该学员提出：
问题一：66题的 ABC在原文第一段中都有提到，为什么不选D？
问题二：68题不太明白问题，能找到定位，但是不理解，不知道选什么。
问题三：69题B可以从最后一段的内容讲的要多方合作而推断出来，为什么不选B？
分析过程：
首先，和学员确定做题步骤：先看题→边读读文章边答题。（这个个人习惯没问题。也可以选择读完文章再做题。）
接着，确定她读懂了文章的行文思路，第一段讲Biotechnology的作用，第二段阐述Sustainability的概念，第三段呼吁Sustainable development需要work together。
然后，和其确定做题的基本方式：定位（在原文中找依据）→比对（原文&选项）→确定答案（最佳）。
最后逐个问题分析：
问题一：66题的 ABC在原文第一段中都有提到，为什么不选D？
根据题干和选项内容，可知问的是Biotechnology的作用，显然定位第一段，乍一看ABC的内容好像都有提到，仔细比对才发现有“猫腻”。例如A选项中的save energy 和原文energy saving是对应的，但是integrate industry and agriculture并不是environmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production一致；B选项中的solve food problems对应solving food problems，但是rid humans of diseases(让人类摆脱疾病)和bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therapy（为医学诊断和治疗带来重要进展）并非是一致的，明显不对等；而选项C. can treat pollution and protect environment可以说是对....specially targeted environmental protection projects的同义转换。所以，选错D的原因是比对选项和原文不够细致。
问题二：68题不太明白问题，能找到定位，但是不理解，不知道选什么。
根据题干的approaches and strategies that cut across political hues定位第二段这句话To meet this challenge, decision-makers require interdisciplinary approaches and strategies that cut across political hues.（为了应对这一挑战，决策者需要跨越政治色彩的跨学科方法和策略。）这句话的To meet this challenge中的this challenge在这句话的前面，而decision-makers require interdisciplinary approaches and strategies that cut across political hues中的cut across political lines（跨越政治界限）理解在后一句Environmental discussions must become more objective, and this includes, especially, debates about the risks of new technologies, which are often ideologically charged.（环境问题的讨论必须变得更加客观，这尤其包括关于新技术风险的辩论，而这往往充满意识形态色彩。）由此可知，意识形态色彩即政治因素造成不够客观（objective），因此答案选D. overcome political barriers(克服政治障碍)。
问题三：69题B定位最后一段，为什么不选B？
根据题干的complexity of sustainable development定位第二段最后一句话，In light of the complex issues involved in sustainable development, we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policies. 其中the complex issues involved in sustainable development 和complexity of sustainable development是同义表达，显然答案A. makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards（有必要完善评估标准）可以从we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policies（我们需要更清晰标准来指导和评估环境政策）中得来。
总结该学员所犯错误，包括69题定位错误、68题上下文理解不到位、和选项与原文之间比对不仔细。联想曾经辅导过的考生，往往也是多犯类似的错。因此，要做好题，必须每个环节都要做到严谨细致。
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