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考博英语-考博英语常规阅读题技巧--定位
考博英语大部分院校笔试英语题目中，都会有常规阅读题型，题量从4篇到6篇不等。一般的学员在经过学习华慧考博的强化提供班阅读课程，结合一定题量的练习，都能掌握答题步骤和运用一定的方法来答题。笔者在辅导答疑过程中，发现还是会有部分学员因为定位不清晰，加上对文章句子的理解不到位，会出现较多的失误。关于正确定位的问题，在这里以考博英语医学统考2014年真题第二篇阅读为例，解释一下在做题过程中如何正确定位：题目：
A little intormation is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it's inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies' eco-credentials, Some of dubious quality Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify. The confusion is evident from the New Scientist's analysis of whether public perception of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered "green" have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will beln propel us towards a greert economy.
At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emission, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.
Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water use. In this case, context is crucial: little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.
Similar problems bedevil "green" tabels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world's leading, professional association for technology.
Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Devising rigorous standard for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.
Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.
Let's hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy－and it's the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.
66. "The confusion" in the first paragraph refers to _______.
A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable way18B. an array of consumer products to choose
B. An array of consumer products to chooose
C. a fog of unreliable green information
D. Little information on eco-credibility.
67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases _____.
A. Eco-credibility is abused
B. A gree economy is crucial
C. An environment impact is lessened
D. Green credentials promote green economy
68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author suggests that _______.
A. Eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufactures
B. neither scientists nor manufactures are honest
C. it is vital to build a green economy
D. Better information is critical
69. To address the issue, the author is crying for _____.
A. Transparent corporate management
B. Establishing sustainability indexed
C. tough academic-lead surveillance
D. strict legal weapon
70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?
A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.
B. It is time for another green revolution
C. Information should be free at all.
D.No quantity, no quality.
1. 阅读问题第一大类是不需要考生去考虑具体的定位问题的。比如在题干中会出现明显的提示：（line XXX, paragraph XX), in paragraph XX 这样的字样。
比如本篇阅读的第一题题干： "The confusion" in the first paragraph refers to _______.就明确提出了需要考生理解第一段第四句中的“The confusion”一词的意思。针对这种词汇题，考生一定需要细心地根据单词追溯到文章中单词所在句子进行分析理解，从而推测出此单词的字面以下的意思。
2.第二大类的问题是需要定位的细节题或推理题。但情况也相对复杂，我们在审题过程中能够通过题干的关键词或者短语（线索词或者短语）去定位，但有时候也只能找到大致的位置或者大致的段落。
比如本篇阅读的第二题题干：From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases _____.从题干中的New Scientist’s analysis,可以定位到文章第一段第五行和第六行：“The confusion is evident from the New Scientist's analysis of whether public perception of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered "green" have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact.”前一句提出了出现在《新科学》中的关于公众产品绿色环保性的分析存在模糊概念，后一句具体解释造成此种现象的原因。由此可知，it can be inferred that in many cases _____.的正确答案是从文中这2个句子意思前后推断出答案。
而从第三题题干：From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual
products, the author suggests that _______.我们可以知道，“unverified claims to difficult meansurement ”和“to individual products”可知，本题需要考生根据第3段和第4段的段落大意做出推断。
3. 另外部分主旨大意题或者段落大意题，实际上也是不需要定位的。虽然不需要定位，但变换了题干中的提问表达方式，考察考生对于文章结构或者段落主旨大意的理解。特别需要考生能够在短时间概括出全文大意或者分析清楚某一中间段落的结构。
本文最后一题的题干：Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?咋一看不像段落主旨题，但实际上不但是考察主旨，还需要结合联系文章第一段开头前三句话进行理解，才能选出正确答案。
总的来说，只有考生对阅读提问仔细审题，对做过的每一道阅读错题进行细致到位的错题原因分析，对文章中定位的内容进行相对深刻的理解，最终才能找到自己的薄弱之处，再通过练习，进一步提升做题速度的同时，提高答题的正确率。
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