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Is 70 Really the New 60?（2）
A pair of new studies from Finland—one looking at physical aging and one looking at cognitive aging—strikingly demonstrates some of the details of generational change. The research, overseen by gerontologist Taina Rantanen of the University of Jyväskylä, compares adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. The two age groups were assessed in 1989 and 1990 and in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The beauty of this work is that both birth cohorts were examined in person at age 75 and again at 80 with the same substantial battery of six physical tests and five measures of cognition. Most cohort studies look at a narrower range of measures, and many of them rely on self-assessments.
芬兰的一组新研究证明了代际变化的一些惊人细节，其中一项关于身体老化，另一项关于认知老化。该研究将1910年和1914年出生的成年人与大约30年后出生的成年人进行比较，由于韦斯屈莱大学的老年学家Taina Rantanen全称监管。两个年龄组分别在1989至1990年间以及2017~2018年间接受评估。这项工作其优点在于，两个年龄组均分别在75岁和80岁时接受了亲自检查，包括六项体格检查和五项认知指标。大多数同类研究只关注范围较窄的指标，其中许多指标都依靠自我评估。
The later-born group could walk faster, had a stronger hand grip and could exert more force with their lower leg. Such metrics are reliable predictors of disability and mortality. On cognitive tests, the later cohort had better verbal fluency (naming more words beginning with a K in three minutes), clocked faster reaction time on a complex finger-movement task, and scored higher on a test matching numbers to symbols.
较晚出生的人走得更快，握力更强，并且小腿可以施加更大的力量。这些可作为预测残疾和死亡率的可靠指标。在认知测试中，后一个队列的语言更加流利（在三分钟内以K开头命名更多的单词），在复杂的手指移动任务上的反应时间更快，并且在将数字与符号匹配的测试中得分更高。
【重点词汇】
strikingly ad.显著地，惊人地
demonstrate v.论证，表明
generational a.代与代之间的，一代的
oversee v.监督，监视
cohort n.（有共同特点或举止类同的）一群人，一批人；同伙，支持者
substantial a.大量的，价值巨大的；大而坚固的
metric a.米制的，公制的
predictor n.预示物，有预测作用的事物
disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍
mortality n.死亡率，死亡数量；生命的有限；死亡
clock v.达到（某时间或速度）；测……的速度；注意到，认出
A pair of new studies from Finland—one looking at physical aging and one looking at cognitive aging—strikingly demonstrates some of the details of generational change. The research, overseen by gerontologist Taina Rantanen of the University of Jyväskylä, compares adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. The two age groups were assessed in 1989 and 1990 and in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The beauty of this work is that both birth cohorts were examined in person at age 75 and again at 80 with the same substantial battery of six physical tests and five measures of cognition. Most cohort studies look at a narrower range of measures, and many of them rely on self-assessments.
芬兰的一组新研究证明了代际变化的一些惊人细节，其中一项关于身体老化，另一项关于认知老化。该研究将1910年和1914年出生的成年人与大约30年后出生的成年人进行比较，由于韦斯屈莱大学的老年学家Taina Rantanen全称监管。两个年龄组分别在1989至1990年间以及2017~2018年间接受评估。这项工作其优点在于，两个年龄组均分别在75岁和80岁时接受了亲自检查，包括六项体格检查和五项认知指标。大多数同类研究只关注范围较窄的指标，其中许多指标都依靠自我评估。
The later-born group could walk faster, had a stronger hand grip and could exert more force with their lower leg. Such metrics are reliable predictors of disability and mortality. On cognitive tests, the later cohort had better verbal fluency (naming more words beginning with a K in three minutes), clocked faster reaction time on a complex finger-movement task, and scored higher on a test matching numbers to symbols.
较晚出生的人走得更快，握力更强，并且小腿可以施加更大的力量。这些可作为预测残疾和死亡率的可靠指标。在认知测试中，后一个队列的语言更加流利（在三分钟内以K开头命名更多的单词），在复杂的手指移动任务上的反应时间更快，并且在将数字与符号匹配的测试中得分更高。
【重点词汇】
strikingly ad.显著地，惊人地
demonstrate v.论证，表明
generational a.代与代之间的，一代的
oversee v.监督，监视
cohort n.（有共同特点或举止类同的）一群人，一批人；同伙，支持者
substantial a.大量的，价值巨大的；大而坚固的
metric a.米制的，公制的
predictor n.预示物，有预测作用的事物
disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍
mortality n.死亡率，死亡数量；生命的有限；死亡
clock v.达到（某时间或速度）；测……的速度；注意到，认出
